Idem, “Steny i bashni Derbentskoĭ kreposti” (Walls and towers of the Darband fortress), Arkhitekturnoe nasledstvo 17, 1964, pp. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2020) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. The Sassanids had also brought Armenians from Syunik to help protect the pass from invaders; as Arab rule weakened in the region at the end of the ninth century, the Armenians living there were able to establish a kingdom of their own, which lasted until the early years of the thirteenth century. The rivers Euphrates, Great Zab, and Little Zab acted as natural defenses for Mesopotamia. Other shrines include the 17th-century Kyrhlyar mosque, the Bala mosque and the 18th-century Chertebe mosque. Mesopotamia. The oldest mosque is the Juma Mosque, built over a 6th-century Christian basilica; it has a 15th-century madrassa. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Uruk in ancient Sumer (Mesopotamia) is one of the world's oldest known walled cities.Before that, the proto-city of Jericho in the West Bank had a wall surrounding it as early as the 8th millennium BC. History. Surprisingly, the Derbent wall - the double wall of the Sassanid times - having survived dozens of wars, was partially preserved. 121-46. Thank you! The walls, reaching to the sea, date from the 6th century, Sassanid dynasty period. The Ottoman Empire gained control of the city following the Battle of the Torches in 1583, and Ottoman ownership was secured with the Treaty of Istanbul of 1590. Please help us create teaching materials on Mesopotamia (including several complete lessons with worksheets, activities, answers, essay questions, and more), which will be free to download for teachers all over the world. From very early history to modern times, walls have been a near necessity for every city. The memorial area is on one side of a platz in the old city center. Historically, this position allowed the rulers of Derbent to control land traffic between the Eurasian Steppe and the Middle East. Retrieved from https://www.ancient.eu/image/9289/. 564. Until the 4th century CE, it was part of Caucasian Albania and is traditionally identified with Albana, the capital. Walls at Derbent. Similar Sasanian defensive fortifications there—massive forts, garrison towns, long walls—also run from the sea to the mountains. The Caliph Harun al-Rashid spent time living in Derbent and brought it into great repute as a seat of the arts and commerce. Derbent. This image was first published on Flickr. (2018, October 01). The gates were a popular subject in medieval travel literature, starting with the Alexander Romance in a version from perhaps the 7th century. In 2003, UNESCO included the old part of Derbent with traditional buildings in the World Heritage List, highlighting the following sites: Derbent Wall- a double wall built in t… As a consequence of the Treaty of Gulistan of 1813—between Russian and Persia—Derbent became part of the Russian Empire. In the 10th century, with the collapse of the Arab Caliphate, Derbent became the capital of an emirate. His successor, Böri Shad, proved unable to consolidate Tong Yabghu's conquests, and the city was retaken by the Persians. The earliest known town wall in Europe is of Solnitsata, built in the 6th or 5th millennium BC. In 654, Derbent was captured by the Arabs, who transformed it in an important administrative center and introduced Islam to the area. Movses Kagankatvatsi left a graphic description of the sack of Derbent by the hordes of Tong Yabghu of the Western Turkic Khaganate in 627. "Walls at Derbent." DERBENT, Russia — Not so many years ago, Derbent buzzed with plans to celebrate its 5,000th anniversary, envisioning the day when it would claim the title of “Russia’s oldest city.” Ancient History Encyclopedia. The Caliph Harun al-Rashid lived in Derbent and brought it into great repute as a seat of the arts and commerce. Read more. Despite that, the emirate outlived its rival and continued to flourish at the time of the Mongol invasion in 1239. UNESCO declared Derbent's citadel, ancient city, and defensive walls to be a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2003 CE. The view of Derbent is great and the actual fortress itself is … Construction of the current citadel, fortified walls, and city walls began c. 570 CE at the request of Shah Khosrow I (531-579 CE) who is widely … The only other practicable crossing of the Caucasus ridge was over the Darial Gorge. The Derbent Fortifications is one the most popular tourist attractions in the city of Derbent and the Republic of Dagestan. Photo about Wall in Naryn-Kala fortress. Магомедов, Шамиль. During the Persian Expedition of 1796, Derbent was stormed by Russian forces under Valerian Zubov. The main attraction of the village is Derbent fortress. https://www.ancient.eu/image/9289/. Derbent. Russia. Narrow Pass. The region is named after the ancient Iranian-speaking tribes of the Massagetae people, who inhabited this region from around the 1st century AD to the 7th century AD. I liked the listing of names along a wall. Local authorities claim they’d warned Russia’s Culture Ministry about the condition of the Orta-Kapi gate in Derbent, the country’s second-oldest city. In the 14th century, Derbent was occupied by Timur's armies. 227-43. Derbent prospered for over 1,500 years under Persian, Arab, Turkish, Azeri, Mongol, Timurid, and Russian rule due to its position on the Silk Road and geostrategic importance as the gateway to the Caucasus. Museums in Derbent. Beaches in Derbent ... Derbent: Address, Park of Military Glory Reviews: 4.5/5. Last modified October 01, 2018. Archaeological research shows that in such an important strategic place regular settlements existed 6, 000 years ago. The only other practicable crossing of the Caucasus ridge was over the Darial Gorge. Uploaded by Ibolya Horvath, published on 01 October 2018 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike. Магомедов, Шамиль. This emirate often fought losing wars with the neighboring Christian state of Sarir, allowing Sarir to occasionally manipulate Derbent politics. Excavations on the eastern side of the Caspian Sea, opposite to Derbent, revealed the Great Wall of Gorgan, the eastern counterpart to the wall and fortifications of Derbent. Darband / Derbent x. Darband/Derbent - Background. During the 16th century, Derbent was the arena for wars between Turkey and Persia ruled by the Iranian Safavid dynasty. Because of its strategic position on the northern branch of the Silk Route, the fortress was contested by the Khazars in the course of the Khazar-Arab Wars. Some historians attribute its founding date to 483 AD, and others to the VI century BC, when the ancient Greek geographer Hecatei called it the “Caspian Gate”. Derbent has an important strategic location in the Caucasus: the city is situated on a narrow, three-kilometer strip of land between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus mountains. Derbent - district center in Dagestan, 121 km South-East of Makhachkala.. Derbent is situated on the shore of Caspian Sea, at a spurs of Tabasaran Mountains - a part of Great Caucasus. Derbent's location on a narrow, three-kilometer strip of land in the North Caucasus between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus mountains is strategic in the entire Caucasus region. Derbent claims to be the oldest city in Russia with historical documentation dating to the 8th century BCE. Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Derbent is renown for its citadel (“Naryn-Kala” or “Dagh Bary” in Persian) and its imposing walls that date from the 6th century CE. Till the 4t century CE it wis pairt o Caucasie Albanie, an is tradeetionally identifee'd wi Albana, the caipital. The city has a well-preserved citadel (Narin-kala), enclosing an area of 4.5 hectares (11 acres), enclosed by strong walls. 02 Dec 2020. A shaort 3D tour of the Derband Wall in Dagestan Russia and the similar factor between the Wall of China and Derband Wall in Dagestan Russia English Channel Link ( … A large portion of the walls and several watchtowers have been preserved in reasonable shape till our days. Media in category "Derbent wall" The following 10 files are in this category, out of 10 total. Due to its strategic location, over the course of history, the city changed ownership many times, particularly among the Persian, Arab, Mongol, Timurid, Shirvan and Iranian kingdoms. In Russia, Derbent claims this title in the extreme south of the European part near the border with Azerbaijan. Europe ... but nice. This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon your work even for commercial reasons, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms. Following the construction of Derbent's fortified walls by Shah Yazdegerd II (r. 438-457 CE), Derbent withstood numerous attacks over the next 300 years by the White Huns, Khazars, and other nomadic tribes that threatened the Persian heartlands. Photo about City south Bayat-Kapi gate. The Gates of Alexander was a legendary barrier supposedly built by Alexander the Great in the Caucasus to keep the uncivilized barbarians of the north from invading the land to the south. Derbent has an important strategic location in the Caucasus: the city is situated on a narrow, three-kilometer strip of land between the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus mountains.Historically, this position allowed the rulers of Derbent to control land traffic between the … Age of Darband: c. 5,000 Years Old. Republic of Dagestan, Russia. The 20-meter (66 ft) high walls with thirty north-looking towers are believed to belong to the time of Kavadh's son, Khosrau I. Derbent is located in Russia’s Dagestan region, on the western coast of the Caspian Sea. The exact date of foundation of the city is not known for certain, but historians assume that its age is not less than 5 thousand years. Hardliner Islamic groups shot tourists in 2015. The town has a sea port, and a railway station on the line Makhachkala - Baku.It lies on the federal highway M29 (Rostov-na-Donu - Baku).The main attraction - the fortress complex of Derbent. Derbent is the most ancient city within the Russian Federation. 1927), “Only the history of free peoples is worth our attention; the history of men under a despotism is merely a collection of anecdotes.”—Sébastien-Roch Nicolas De Chamfort (1741–1794). Image of history, building, naryn - 85035005 With a history going back by five thousand years, Derbent is said to be Russia’s oldest city. According to Arab historians, Derbent, with population exceeding 50,000, was the largest city of the 9th century Caucasus. It owes its rich history to its strategic position, along the travel route between Europe and the Middle East, on the border of Europe and Asia, where the mountains of the Caucasus almost arrive at the coast leaving a narrow 3-km strip of plain. In the 10th century, with the collapse of the Arab Caliphate, Derbent became the capital of an emirate. Historically, this position allowed the rulers of Derbent to control land traffic between the Eurasian Steppe and the Middle East. Strategic Importance & Position. They killed 1 person and injured 12. Its defense complex impresses us with its grandeur, mightiness and power. Darband's Sasanid Fortress Narin Gala/Naryn Kala. Amazing history and setting This is an incredible site over 15 centuries old, set right btw the Caspian Sea and the Caucasus Mtns. Please support Ancient History Encyclopedia Foundation. Derbent (Russian: Дербе́нт dyeer-BEHNT) claims to be the oldest city in Russia with historical documentation, with a history stretching back more than 3,000 years. Derbent prospered for over 1,500 years under Persian, Arab, Turkish, Azeri, Mongol, Timurid, and Russian rule due to its position on the Silk Road and geostrategic importance as the gateway to the Caucasus. Occupied by the Arabs, Persians and later the Imperial Russian empire, the city is a UNESCO World Heritage site. Idem, Derbent, Moscow, 1958. It is also the southernmost city in Russia, and the second-most important city of Dagestan. During the 5th and 6th centuries, Derbent also became an important center for spreading the Christian faith in the Caucasus. Narin Gala/Naryn Kala's Pahlavi Inscription. The chronicler Movses Kagankatvatsi wrote about "the wondrous walls, for whose construction the Persian kings exhausted our country, recruiting architects and collecting building materials with a view of constructing a great edifice stretching between the Caucasus Mountains and the Great Eastern Sea." Derbent is renown for its citadel (“Naryn-Kala” or “Dagh Bary” in Persian) and its imposing walls that date from the 6th century CE. Eight Century BCE Fortifications & Early History. Zoroastrianism in Derbent & Dagestan. According to Arab historians, Derbent, with population exceeding 50,000, was the largest city of the 9th century Caucasus. In 1437, it fell under the control of the Shirvanshahs of Azerbaijan. Our mission is to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. In 1722, during the Russo-Persian War, Peter the Great of Russia wrested the town from the Persians, but in 1736, the supremacy of Nadir Shah was again recognized. On the history of research),” in Vostochnye istochniki po istorii Dagestana (Eastern sources on the history of Dāḡestān), Makhachkala, 1980, pp. The region is named after the ancient Iranian-speaking tribes of the Massagetae people, who inhabited this region from around the 1st century AD to the 7th century AD. Yajooj Majooj will break the wall and come again Gog and Magog people dig every day until when they can almost see the rays of the sun, the one in charge of them says: “Go back and we will dig it tomorrow.” In 1747, Derbent became the capital of the khanate of the same name. A UNESCO World Heritage site in Dagestan partially collapsed after heavy rain. By the 1735 Ganja treaty, Derbent fell within the Persian state. Maskut (also known as Mazkut, Muskur, Mazkat, Mashkut, or Maskat) is a historical region located along the western coast of the Caspian Sea, laying on today's republics of Azerbaijan and Dagestan (Russia).. "Walls at Derbent." The wall still exists today and there are many different sources that claim the possible location of the Yajooj Majooj wall. Idem, “Rannesrednevekovaya gornaya stena v Dagestane” (The early medieval mountain wall in Dāḡestān), Sovetskaya arkheologiya, 1966/1, pp. Derbent is the oldest cultural center of Dagestan Republic, the birthplace of its spiritual and material culture, it is where art, art crafts, written language, values of Islam and other world religions spread from. Sasanian developing of irrigation systems in Mesopotamia further acted as water defense lines, notably the criss-crossing trunk canals in Khuzestan and the northern extension of the Nahrawan Canal, known as the Cut of Khusrau, which made Ctesiphon impregnable in late Sasanian period. It is located in Dagestan, on the shores of the Caspian Sea. From a small early Bronze-age settlement to one of the biggest medieval cities of the Eastern Europe, the city of Derbent has a unique urban structure. Web. Media in category "Derbent Fortress" The following 164 files are in this category, out of 164 total.
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